![]() ![]() Additionally, small RNA sequencing from the SI population suggested that OrNV is targeted by the host RNA interference (RNAi) response with abundant 21-nucleotide small RNAs. Only a few genes, such as gp01, gp022, and gp107, were differentially expressed among different strains. Nonsynonymous mutations were detected in several hypothetical proteins and 15 nudivirus core genes, such as gp034, lef-8, lef-4, and vp91 We found limited evidence of variation in viral gene expression among geographic populations. We detected several polymorphic sites with a frequency higher than 35% in 892 positions of the viral genome. Maximum likelihood phylogenic analysis indicated that OrNV strains from the SI and Philippines are closely related, while OrNV strains from PNG and Fiji formed a distinct adjacent clade. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate the global viral gene expression profiles and for comparative genomic analysis of structural variations. In this study, chronically infected beetles were collected from Philippines, Fiji, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and the Solomon Islands (SI). rhinoceros incursions in Oceania is thought to be related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles. Apply mixture of either neem seed powder + sand (1:2) g per palm or neem seed kernel powder + sand (1:2) g per palm in the base of the 3 inner most leaves in the crown.Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus which has been used as a biocontrol agent to suppress the coconut rhinoceros beetle ( Oryctes rhinoceros) in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.Soak castor cake at 1 kg in 5 liter of water in small mud pots and keep them in the coconut gardens to attract and kill the adults.Field release of Baculovirus oryctes inoculated adult rhinoceros beetle 15 beetles/ha reduces the leaf and crown damage caused by this beetle.Application of green muscardine fungus, Metarrhizium anisopliae 5 x 10 11 spores / m 3 - spray 250ml Metarrizhium culture + 750ml water in manure pits to check the perpetuation of the pest.The dispenser may be hanged in a plastic bucket having 2 liter of insecticide solution once in a week. Set up Rhino lure pheromone trap 5 traps/ha to trap and kill the beetles.Treatment will have to be repeated every six months. Treat manure pits and other possible breeding sites with 0.01% carbaryl (50 % WP) on w/w basis.Place phorate 10 G 5 g in perforated sachets in two inner most leaf axils for 2 times at 6 months intervals.three to four balls) covered with fine sand, once in 45 days. (b) For seedlings, apply Naphthalene balls 10.5 g (approx. (a) Sevidol 8G 25 g + fine sand 200 g, which is to be done thrice in a year in April-May, September-October and December-January. The topmost three leaf axils around the spindle may be filled with any of the following mixtures as a prophylactic measure:.Set up light traps following the first rains in summer and monsoon period to attract and kill the adult beetles.During peak period of population build up, the adult beetle may be extracted from the palm crown using GI hooks. ![]() Collect and destroy the various bio-stages of the beetle from the manure pits (breeding ground of the pest) whenever manure is lifted from the pits. ![]()
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